Reconsideration of wind stress, wind waves, and turbulence in simulating wind-driven currents of shallow lakes in the Wave and Current Coupled Model (WCCM) version 1.0

Abstract. Wind stress, wind waves, and turbulence are essential variables play a critical role in regulating series of physical biogeochemical processes large shallow lakes. However, the parameterization these simulation their interactions lakes have not been strictly evaluated owing to lack field observations lake hydrodynamic processes. To address this problem, two process-based were conducted record development summer winter wind-driven currents Lake Taihu, China. Using numerical experiments, Wave Current Coupled Model (WCCM) is developed by rebuilding drag coefficient expression, introducing wave-induced radiation adopting simple scheme simulate Taihu. The results show that WCCM can accurately upwelling process driven during observations. A comparison with reference model indicates 42.9 % increase WCCM-simulated current speed, which mainly attributed new expression. direction also improved introduction stress. use turbulent improves efficiency simulation. thus provides sound basis for simulating ecosystems.